Nonconscious processes and dualprocess theories in. Psychology is not soft, at least in terms of what it can predict, and positive traits like. Health psychology is deeply rooted in promising and powerful psychological theories, and it adheres to high methodological standards that. Theories on health behaviors by shaheen e lakhan, md, phd, med, ms, faan march 19, 2006 in behavioral medicine, professionals base their interventions on a few models that attempt to explain peoples healthrelated behavior. Social action theory for a public health psychology. Theories of behaviour and behaviour change across the social. However, we now know from scientific studies that the mind and body are intimately connected i. Psychological theories of health and illness reproductive health. Thus, originally psychology was defined as the study of soul or spirit. Suttona a university of cambridge uk available online 2002. Introduction to health psychology boundless psychology. Ensuring treatment adherence presents a considerable challenge to health initiatives. This chapter will seek to bridge the theorypractice gap using a range of examples enabling the practitioner to link theoretical models to practice.
Mednick3 abstract the importance of understanding individuals ideas of health and illness is well acknowledged by research for its theoretical and practical implications for both health psychology and education. Resilience theory and positive psychology are both applied fields of study, meaning that we can use them in daily life to benefit humanity, and both are very closely concentrated on the importance of social relationships luthar, 2006. The most widely studied stressors in children and adolescents are exposure to violence, abuse sexual, physical, emotional, or neglect, and divorcemarital conflict see cicchetti 2005. Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s. The study of health psychology is relevant to nurses working in diabetes care. Briefing series on the role of psychology in health care. There is much we do not yet know about the relationship between stress and health, but scientific findings being made in the areas of cognitiveemotional psychology, molecular biology, neuroscience, clinical psychology, and medicine will undoubtedly lead to improved health outcomes. The word psychology is derived from two greek words psyche and logos. These theories can be divided into two main groups which are commonly referred to as social cognition models and stage models, respectively. Developing psychosocial theory in health psychology.
The psychological roots of antivaccination attitudes. Two broad strategies for combining the psychological and social in health psychology theories are identified. Other terms including medical psychology and behavioral medicine are sometimes used interchangeably with the term health psychology. Health psychology attempts to move away from a simple linear model of health and looks at the combination of factors involved in illness. Health psychology is the application of psychological theory and research to health, illness, and healthcare. Strengthening of antivaccination movements in recent decades has coincided with unprecedented increases in the incidence of some communicable diseases. An introduction to behavior and health has remained a pacesetter within the subject of well being psychology for its scholarship, robust and present analysis base, and balanced protection of the cognitive, behavioral, and organic approaches to well being psychology. Isbn 9789522454164 printed, isbn 9789522454171 pdf. Theories may assist in the design of behaviour change interventions in various ways, by promoting an understanding of health behaviour, directing research and facilitating the transferability of an intervention from one health issue, geographical area or healthcare setting to another. Theories and models in communicating health messages. Each of these chapterspsychoanalytic theory, jungian analytical theory, adlerian.
Stressors during childhood and adolescence and their psychological sequelae. Human beings are complex systems and illness can be caused by a multitude of factors, not just a single factor such as a virus or bacterium. So lets look at what positive psychology research shows on resilience. Theories of health and illness theories about health and illness deal with the ideas people use to explain how to maintain a healthy state and why they become ill. Health psychology encompasses a wide range of issues from chronic pain to terminal illness with the goals of helping people improve their quality of. Here is a brief overview of theories derived from those broader categories. Attribution theory has been applied to the study of health and health behaviour.
The mostoften mentioned theoretical model that has not been fully applied in research and practice is the social ecological model. Part 2, theories of counseling and psychotherapy chapters 315, presents information on the theories selected for inclusion in this portion of the text. Health psychology takes a more holistic view of health and medicine than traditional medicine. Health psychology is a specialty area that focuses on how biology, psychology, behavior, and social factors influence health and illness. Theories of behaviour and behaviour change across the. Health psychology, often referred to as behavioral medicine or medical psychology, is the application of psychological theory to healthrelated practices. The health psychology interacts with both sociology and biology to achieve disease and health related outcomes.
Theories and interventions edited by david capuzzi and mark d. Network theory explains that mental disorders arise from direct interactions between symptoms borsboom, 2017. Based on scientific evidence, this health briefing series focuses on a wide range of health conditions to further highlight psychologys vital roles, including and beyond assessment and treatment, in. Jun 11, 2007 some researchers have argued that experimental research and increased clarity in theories and methods could assist in the identification of effective behaviour change techniques, thereby contributing to the development of evidencebased practice in health psychology and implementation research 2,3. Describe the key constructs of four theories that are often used in public health.
Health psychology focuses on how our biology, social context and psychological states influence health and illness. The difference between health psychology and behavioral medicine might be the most blurred. Theories and models are used in program planning to understand and explain health behavior and to guide the identification, development, and implementation of interventions. The field of health psychology includes two subfields.
Some of the bestknown theories in psychology are devoted to the subject of personality including the trait theory of personality, the big 5 theory of personality, and eriksons theory of psychosocial development. If you miss a theory, please leave a comment and explain why you think it. Behavioral medicine, historically based on learning theory, has become a broad interdisciplinary. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. More attention should be paid to these by the health care professions. Four psychosocial theories and their application to. Mednick3 abstract the importance of understanding individuals ideas of health and illness is well acknowledged by research for its theoretical and practical implications for.
If there is one theory you havent heard about, check it out and broaden your general psychology knowledge. Oct 08, 2018 health psychology encompasses a wide range of issues from chronic pain to terminal illness with the goals of helping people improve their quality of life and addressing specific health issues. Theories and interventions american counseling association. Section i focuses on psychology of health and covers theories and research relevant to most areas of medical practice, such as stress, symptoms, and chronic illness. Here is a handpicked selection of key theories in psychology that you need to know about.
Define what theory is and identify two key types of social and behavioral science theory that are relevant to public health interventions. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems, humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Because of this, psychology began to be regarded as the study of an individuals mind or mental process. Abstract a number of psychosocial theories has been developed to predict, explain, and change health behaviors. Four psychosocial theories and their application to patient education and clinical practice virginia m. It was previously stated that there was no official definition of mental health. There are various approaches in contemporary psychology. Theory, research and practice kindle edition by marks, david f. Every theory of mental health comes from one of the above five areas or a combination of them. Four psychosocial theories and their application to patient. Popular mental health theories on wellbeing the selfdetermination theory of motivation sdt, and more specifically, the basic psychological needs theory bpnt posit that autonomy, competence, and relatedness are the primary supports for wellbeing and optimal functioning sdt, n. Health psychology, also called medical psychology or behavioral medicine, is a branch of psychology focusing on how biological, social, and psychological factors impact health and wellbeing.
If you miss a theory, please leave a comment and explain why you think it should be on the list. For example, bradley 1985 examined patients attributions of responsibility for. Health psychology theories and theorists brainmass. Psychosocial processes of health behaviour change in a lifestyle. Health psychology is concerned with the psychology of a range of. Select a health psychology topic that aligns with personal and professional goals.
Health psychology is concerned with the psychology of a range of healthrelated behaviors, including healthy eating, the doctorpatient relationship, a patients understanding of health information, and beliefs about illness. The traditional view of health is that the mind and body are separate entities. Behavioral health focuses on prevention of health problems and illnesses, while behavioral medicine focuses on treatment. Health promotion and disease prevention theories and models there are several theories and models that support the practice of health promotion and disease prevention. Health and illness are influenced by a wide variety of factors. Mclachlan and others published social psychological theories and models find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Ideas about illness causation may include such ideas as breach of taboo, soul loss, germs, upset in the hotcold balance of the body, or a weakening of the bodys immune system. Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all.
The work of health psychologist includes conducting research, teaching as well as providing services to various individuals private or public companies. Models and theories can provide a framework for program planners to build upon as they develop health promotion programming. Because of this, psychology began to be regarded as the study of an individuals. Nonconscious processes and dualprocess theories in health psychology the rise of dualprocess or dualsystems theories of behaviour in health psychology reflects a shift in. Psychodynamic, social, cognitive, behavioral, humanistic, and biological influences patricia hart oregan chapter contents mental illness theories and mental illness expected learning outcomes after completing this chapter, the student will be able to. The mostoften used theories of health behavior are social cognitive theory, the transtheoretical modelstages of change, the health belief model, and the theory of planned behavior. Psychology, as the science of behavior, has much to offer to enhance health promotion and disease prevention and address health disparities. Focusing on health psychology select a topic that aligns with personal andor professional goals. Section ii discusses knowledge from other areas of psychology that is relevant, such as brain and. Describe how the definitions of mental illness have developed.
Incorporate a minimum of 10 outside scholarly resources including. Some of the major humanist theorists included carl rogers and abraham maslow. Incorporating piagets and vygotskys theories in classrooms barbara blake and tambra pope in todays society, there is disagreement among researchers and educators as to the role of developmental psychology and its application in. By 1994, health psychology had been established as a discipline, and defined by marie johnston as the scientific study of the psychological processes and behaviour in health, illness and health care. These theories can be divided into two main groups which are commonly referred to as social cognition models and stage models. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading health psychology. A number of psychosocial theories has been developed to predict, explain, and change health behaviors. Mar 19, 2006 theories on health behaviors by shaheen e lakhan, md, phd, med, ms, faan march 19, 2006 in behavioral medicine, professionals base their interventions on a few models that attempt to explain peoples healthrelated behavior. May 09, 2014 here is a handpicked selection of key theories in psychology that you need to know about. Health promotion and disease prevention theories and models. Much has been written over the years about the relationship and overlap between health education, health promotion and other concepts, such as health literacy.
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